Authors
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Mshelia, M. B.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria.
Author
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Adeshina, G. O.
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Author
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Onaolapo, J. A.
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Author
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Igwe, J. C.
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria.
Author
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Musa, A. M.
Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Author
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Salihu, M. S.
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria.
Author
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Olofu, V. A.
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Author
Keywords:
Escherichia coli, Multiple drug resistance (MDR), extensively drug resistance (XDR), Morinda lucida
Abstract
Introduction: Escherichia coli is a Gram negative bacteria. It has been implicated in many cases
of resistance recently.
Aim: To determine the incidence of MDR and XDR Escherichia coli isolates from diarrheic stool
and their susceptibility profile to Morinda lucida aqueous leaf extract
Methods: Diarrheic stool samples were collected from patients at Ahmadu Bello University
Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) and Ahmadu Bello University Medical Centre (ABUMC) Zaria,
Nigeria. Escherichia coli were isolated and identified. The susceptibility of the isolates to the
antibiotics were assessed using disk diffusion method. After which multiple drug resistance
(MDR) and extensively drug resistance (XDR) E. coli were identified. The activity of Morinda
lucida aqueous leaf extract at different concentrations was tested against the MDR and XDR
isolates using agar-well diffusion method.
Results: Highest antibacterial efficacy was observed with Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime,
Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin. While the lowest antibacterial activity was
observed with Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid, Tetracycline, Ampicillin, and Sulphamethoxazole
Trimethoprime. However, for M. lucida, the range of average zones of inhibition obtained were
10.00-15.22mm. The higher concentration of M. lucida aqueous leaf extract produced better
activity than some of the antibiotics used.
Conclusion: Antimicrobial resistance is a real challenge to public health. Therefore, measures
such as sensitization, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance across different regions and
antibiotics policies must be strictly adhered to in curtailing these rising cases of resistance. This
study justifies the use of M. lucida as an alternative medicine by some members of the populace
in the treatment of cases of gut infections.
Author Biographies
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Mshelia, M. B., Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria.
Lecturer and researcher in Microbiology. His work focuses on the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns and the evaluation of indigenous medicinal plants as alternatives for treating resistant enteric pathogens.
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Adeshina, G. O., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Professor of Pharmaceutical Microbiology specializing in the mechanisms of bacterial resistance and the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
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Onaolapo, J. A., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Senior academic and researcher with extensive experience in clinical microbiology and the evaluation of natural products for antimicrobial activity.
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Igwe, J. C., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria.
Director and Professor specializing in biosecurity and infectious diseases. He provided technical guidance on the classification of MDR and XDR strains in this study.
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Musa, A. M., Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Researcher in medicinal chemistry who contributed to the extraction processes and phytochemical analysis of the Morinda lucida leaf extracts.
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Salihu, M. S., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria.
Researcher involved in the laboratory susceptibility testing and the determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) against the clinical isolates.
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Olofu, V. A., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Microbiologist who assisted in the isolation and biochemical identification of E. coli from clinical diarrheic stool samples.
